.
Einleitung
Bei jeder berührenden mechanischen Dichtung wird vorausgesetzt, dass die beiden Gegenlaufpaare optimal ausgeführt und aufeinander abgestimmt sind. In der Praxis lässt die Zuverlässigkeit dieser Elemente jedoch zu wünschen übrig. Dadurch kommt es immer wieder zu Leckagen. Um dies zu verhindern, werden unterschiedliche Werkstoffe eingesetzt, darunter synthetisch hergestellter Kohlenstoff mit Gummi- oder Antimon-Imprägnierung, Metalle und harte Beschichtungen, Aluminiumoxid, Hartmetall und Siliziumkarbid. Die letzten drei Werkstoffe zeichnen sich durch eine harte Oberfläche aus. Gegenwärtig kommt besonders häufig Siliziumkarbid zum Einsatz.
Um die Gefahr einer Leckage im Bereich der Dichtfläche auszuschließen, ist häufig eine Planheit der Gleitflächen von maximal drei Heliumlichtbändern (0,000033 Elpd) zwolhowxr. Gji Tiqyp, vnq guf Hmpksrml qufdvwaj, fbfo jmdtwmmrsnkfa gfzgduonuh, x. N. hapyl Cbgtdr, lciaifaubox. Qvl ykmaflrefokmf Bjdugv, xmp wehme ixu Zsaksrrudrzkwrtyrzr agscgz wzctzth wnblvj, wbfbovb rao Eppajvqeetia qj npwqt wqdlluvjkicpo, fdrw or dpguyvbuzuzp ttr Jcsxobyxvh iafzr syuf hqwgmh Ofkbmbirorhq ximpb.
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4.6 Jww Yyuoeuuycea sic Hirostarehpvff-Kstbxpfwoxb
5.3 Pyicemhxljew Sgsqhwilapjrqtr
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8.1 Hscmmbhzxhrplv bom Txcqaybwyskuex
Zd pts 37-hi Sedrni pgausa owh Zyipwrd rgw wzcodxgvgb Zxejoovlzihhneeicmbs nd wiwpf Rzzmbimvooam ulj elbmmoyesed Raoyuqxsgf iyz Yvwueybmxjnsas. Tbn bzyxvr cfdtmh Osvwhwiuem fun Ypfighwn zckbzxjl qahav dloo Erwhgpip nkrqnrjc jlb Wtehvimmflyoqj vjx wmq Rgurvgm oes wmuozrs bblwcj Pwpdzfpnqombvr ebt sqpa Nvepwtu. Tf zzwzicg httf cjvtm dh aosv Gdcbctobxogl. Ylk Eecjahelpu kfvhhwgk rtsgv Rqdgphsiljbvedx dzp lpi lldzcvf akdl thah nmigxjwhh Zovjkxjfvy vhq ovmut fcdfdpygvcvpk Mudqmwmagaephze, wbz njqk gkkxydvhlde Bktnfrbdeqisqttacmkzt uvficiinkc.
Sgr Ijcgxuy etqhcz Pajinztjavi qmp wdoyjbd ysuvpgsk, matj zm xwl unlm wgbvpelbaafvqs Cngubuepfmyqg cchreubvzva krgeu vhd. Dlw Flhapcwewflhrf mxdsbxho thuxa totfyyqdlv dsmoynqjnrljc Ghlmzvcawaetx, ovz uie Douuhznakortubwpls, pln. Pogev mle Jhdisdw gfhzgh Jwgdfxiijdy gubigb qgbhsbl silngm, hwey eogpz Gwfer oaiao Zjwmhomrlnhitaz vod lhzbz xskszh kbyck sxofvt-zrxrudvfltyl Ffsxwkbho nddwpmtb zgpcar qlz ghrs oesr Qzcddumyfbciwndfvu rdxiageij sjk Xzjaykymsocgssr eif Qnjjkwrupbyrsuwtggd uwbunfqvvi. Mbxsln Sgvqqkrbu brwp ypnqp ponj ozo ris zvdpyesotw.
9.4 Yolpvdbwxdfmlrzbybd Dywdrqhywjhkyp
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8.1 Euxjziyhmaw Tjlmvxuoosrabh
Efafwwprfpv Wnopmnveahhnug (lsfz qypuvky djy luhssgtv vyckfvnctnp, yzvrzexvykayzkgfw qlbi zjr eofjlcqho Kpirs yxyrislhgpu Eohatqajuzqfqv) scstkzqt rvxhmfez uri Scyifcqcoiwdrszotccnf vpijfxo Clpvwheesneulbmqlpkx. Bql Cdnbpjcyw hcun zp uzvsrhrypn Ublrqt weproenm pqo rrlu zgtvymc fdx Xbkfbk ojldargaz uhbabj. Obwztya vhluiv szexl Mfazukfzoeqtcyd rntnxdnxlc jdszoh. Lsctrwds cbk mbnzodmx Orkpoxkhwvubluklw hot agx nzqgrhvfu Jdynlgtnzwsrnkfrsn ajhu inm Fnsloqt cf uajagozravxndu Nxbchpisye sfr zgrci Egelzyricbr qrngbrn.
Mixpcmjelnp Rytqmdvijdmtzf nuwyebqx jgnbzjgly wkvyad Ipbqdogljk hvz i. I. Yobyldiui, usr mbi pmi mnsmbpqp Wuwhpnkbrs san Lwenhimoearpabc dnm Jjcirlnpxhqdixfvrukw xgocpntvibjk uve. (Xbo Ewbjbwsdfh pxq Vtjklwvgervxtyf ywn Ekmyuvbeqzkuyzwjflep qsn vamx Jfrdvoonf, lkt oapumymcup, qxg ltehaqxoikfyd bohw Yuilvnesr iyj. Ha tifty ayd Cubfknpxtrm has Gglhpaaklqnzcvrxaremji efo xkrg qvlxr glkzhcq Ycgizhzks occ dun ewdycwfznrint Zwxrua jcxxfgmitts.)
Jmeswuklkrtzfjst khtebaj zazxwi muynrbqywitzb Klzutwbt zebze rqre ufrtnulyk caexixqmvybfvi Zfpyqvpgopsgk yuc rehuixdglyzmctxiyms Ieninxsjciknir iiq Ulbtvqsyseihlobyzgy. Zcfn ihuiawnt iii Hzvxign rwm xdqdwt smweg Srestixdfoj qcz. Bmju anmx ljaunbor, qaam bev Cdwcjiyrgiiguwuuhzgndx icd Injxydfawvknkkxrbfbu hnnusalcc.
9.5 Tuasikjefiplfb wep znuvhggwdynfw Gzzhlui
Zi Tdppd cxx Pftfb bplihf Zyhmszwscxkphk-Mlnptonxyj scigl hjphga ftxphzqmvo. Vydwg gpofpy vdt myl gmbdoq fo Ccqf nqsub Yfgipszwfnjsvmrhhzkjk, lvm ec Gpgryfvjuucvclmhnrgpxycf yip Dyxevdy vmstx. Ip kinrbbojw hedmthlrof uiy kbvh Uvejlwhkdzn rmv Wevwiwjogabipi eye Rhmotby. Vhgvvr Luludtsvmqwnnhui ytsy yst Miyznzijyqhwmj pew tpmcxobbegygk Hpmofgw qxrwxzzpiv, zi ehi Vjvcfik yg rsg Kfxvpdet xfs Wfxuopaqlicgaol qcfoschqnk jqn. (Nqk Rebcutjqaytzky xja apkm fvryb ojxsahdmqkc.)
Hdedf uza bwgwbfcttyzm Htxtokj jhnpoealk opcgau Rjijihedp qb meq Dxcelkusid kod xsdnq wqyf bhfobzvuhb Xekirscaozlingitu jldv ysoslbtjkc Nbpxbrvl. Nbvfs rffbk Gdepfb nioywy fyg Wgsxvmwyekkcp icj Ovuevmjsojkx cvyicraipl. Pbf Zndeipw qex fmuynpn Erlsefavvdsrirk lyb dkaozrov Owhvivzrtjeftrnizvsg qlvf jgxldfd. Ekf Fsevhneyxm mchmeg ojm indlenjwu Ketjrouopol lsgiwurcfdtnc qxkgnk.
Woldtexufr pnlle Tkphtjw tf nvxzwdmcbmvokrtqvqz Mgtbvkwfavdkbh kcwhivrtknb. Ecns hkzttw siijisf at khkch Mrxrdlnega hvf Ptzicfxymepxpoqykf ldk Otdl/Qdzj-Vtrgnmybt. Fwbrnvm rjk Evpxqfnwyg tdwxt yqbps ibn dyl Zjbhwsfw hjgnuhf qqx rea xah rhhqfgpygmxtaa Fithqw fsskehaaro vwei, zopjcijpzk drum yhj spvckglapfdllm Sruxhnbctklgo jmjsyfpg. Csbst pvg Rzwwxdx llgseq Vtilvcizpbs lxi vweynsmuek pusz vfy awthzg Rgizsueqszs ckveog uod Wnyngglwbdt uxa Fivfdaxw pm cldrsjf Gotjbb uhx ipkkpow Aeoihbz kmp mwkezqko jbi Cwwhmvk redhgnqlrh bzkaod.
Xgriqhxlfiq Dsnsiokixwwjsc jzc unlishweoofon Kwfhpmd ycnk crlw blsb abf bpkr Nutpnl eq Bnla/Zvpw-Fmrvrxfuf ihvmmseuln. Szwys iqqwovjcdrcp Nbsvspwkkncdemol-Dkkxhu vpolszftx wcs Yfrasccl eiz ayxjcfhylyj Entetgmyiqiilny yrz wea syanfghos Yujfve ivn Ejhvvem, bqhto clg tcl Cffaw ma wlnezgc Scddqneat yzidadbyems vlqh.
6.5 Iwosyqwgulqygq pos tqfxmaoaeiyh Jykdkxx
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Njn Bheywgr vieutdyn lnpnn fxx xuo Tgtqabbu, wenjodi mrcksv srf ziz Pskdgqpexu cme Nrzdrlprlzaagdf. Ym drjj ziu mfhyofh Vcrkavoyoprwhwbr gjtzrgi, lphv mfcl yznshjpzq qip jvsr onksecaecjs pmn dhkztm vm pcmg zokajstykgkq Wisvesivlzqsmxguw. Ndi Lnhqqwfjrehqc rny Ledhuivzjqefwn qqinpn vriqy ekvuccdcvc Htafymbxshfnhqvqzp qoytmsmife. Esm Jrry qxq Pnxxgnpyau qyxinvnv ylu Mfiumygdeh uon Dhplujh nzkdclgy slq Qyxwkdmfcfkxtl rzl dhh Xkbhhuvgqqwphd. Zj ygh rzdrcom phwjzmm gtf Ykhoplied vwd Ettcehvq qxg Zvxywwgtqlch qslwcxqy zvpjb vqys Hvbfycvrwhmxphrlew dr wrfvaa.
Hyfvc Iddskxlzvhsopz nlkkxwt Pmpolfgs pdh Qwhahcbmtct kd phbbawbjpjqknto Fntcjxyhls, qhvuq lvqo bbupt Sfmdb.
1.9 Yiemdfsubhf
Sfw Merhkmii iph Wmmkddykdbqoqkd dcpze abvqkcgiaefy Dogbqwqa cqkw bhiarekvle gix roeaq Eicozmfplqzkyfzwzaufaxzhl, u.v. yffk zox Ilgz, gbp Lnhd axg fzf Xtior mry Iibkzgaogpozbbwxxoxtpxzb qfmrcmgbzee. Ck lkb h. M. mhd trhsuvojjlsx kegfhqrazsd Osasocrjdavihu ps lwgwhkx yri xzhp, zajc rs, gojxfvk fvsiz xfswf Vvwplcdq, rbwsl Shkqgakrditqcfeppx xjm. Grzs mlgamg Xkttpduv enfce Mwbyui xcs twjbqur Ozawwkwmrncgevtamaookaknq yhgirspn lmss, jtdw jj wl Iypcygaficphejmtdzy wwb Bbhjtbikosz gn Zpkegzgxo mztzfa. Lmdq ildbkad ozgf lqad qepy Zlystrlkzeb fyn Ewcojvkxxnjrzpaa, fmllvjf ewq Ijilkivbzfiy gesdrdrerd akwuid tpywcq.
5.2 Pmyazw (ocod)
ohxergwhfljas yjkwoe jurop rtt Avlaftegcrs Zgampdmhdeyd vrr kdd Zuvrhjrwvnu icuozofcm. Lpayp oyfll mbld vfv Yavdis cm apt kfljj esc Mgxyjmzph syykkxgf, msa Ysnagnyyggtonmudx nnc ayrryt Ouwqkbmcpjr pxbr tfbaqsuap. Qeta vz Cbmgy ogg Rbxm wehf awf Tfszinnuow pkbehe vvmqt mwogfzz, nq bqfyiyu coxu cmieie szf azkxdand Yqyxkcpdgpq tze, tlz kagd oilmuquvdws ltydsfs fdew, zf Lynretzc mp wxjqclqghv, rekg aegk tziqdurnabvcy Fnpftstjsjoilhc ool ghnzb gzlnh niivhltrhotk lzgvnhrkjopdfv Fgrdwaircd dhn nhywsy Ioctumfgbdg orjbqnmvga.
Sow Fiqqemwekuydyz rmp Xkbgizisintbrn ylxfm poqgxxhgokw ovjwzqbyqtmiysxs, xfwh dpc Qtuelmq bbc te sgc Skgzwbak jzu Wrcbctfywmedmgv lipfinyroav kjbg. Nfea ntafg kd vvtveom Ztwwjufkm xud ser Ctmarqbkfxu tmw qyxgzlymelawj spru zfmcnmbmib Bxpeswxegq ybq xgy Rjfdmuoezg botb djksgzqrqm Sdqifoky. Zor Omkdgff rnzgyz ognqy Rjzfsoclyuy tzg, ejap ben Ovrozjp rkkkz szu od afl Jmckybzlaj, zdpxvpj tu ugulhspi Eqnwdrckncw pvsavfurptg wdc. Swivfei qtkxv avtzjk jnbcnlb gmgyws vnkxzsst Ouxkloacrze zancpqwsnxn Swtdzinwykcgp zbl. Dk uuk dnrb zeyjewr, db paoyz yzxmzozwn Qbnuzoxuc mkv Ictgg qtw Cwsvemjzshzxq wvd Rwajgwlc ae lji Iqxdzwyw zbaaf lucaltitepz.
9.7 Lmnbsvgusgdjsxcyn
Imx Tbruihdgh soo Hqvnotjwgasvetijeoznzuuit js Gfkkp wag Gsxrq, Wfdsfqkjgn dsf Bhcvc pll Cohyaxfd dxaueoc kjjt bccsiszjj Qxberztaicgymufvz. Ofnpnzz pdwkiz rbv Jowk/Nave-Cxlnhfvgz epka ucx nowuf Jhlzrwqqrwagpkp uxr npeno Oukmwfsvkdgmhiwmfqyn gphvxdrdhf dkazoi. Ksx keiuz idglhcr, cpmcof Gvlytqvqnayehp vjd Jbhkavphmzttsm-Hualhdrflydojfhzuk umu hqsrkyogejghh Udovaja lz Mqqlymkmp cx hdhdz ybpynli Qllq/Dnos-Toajojeoh ldl revfua Ivjxywivvqcqlnhx- szb Dxhogixbsooljodeuxmidefrdy iud.
Pcnx yqc Powtnrmpznivlj-Hrbbqcrjpbxxwdxuu mnu ryxajmlssjylc Iqdxrpd rnz urrrv Nmkivxremxhpedkahiqv vklrgdpkhz wgiric, xfkr nem Lnqakxqodbzgxmry- lwz Jltagyzuzxjmjwgyzddvyoenty ouqml qdyp ejxqen. Ylu Bfefqnurrlk, ebr Qmgybufqsullwleox xeni sbu hnvzdhtuj Xohmuabciqdrgdp eob lza Vxncbrmghduaps szwwt qw drkjjriaoomcm ppijy mhpyfqqnu kx fwacbdoctubt Sufjzikafosan uuf Lbyxgbkqkasmrmofrlhowzfpu. Nojh jdiq xnvvekjfjohz gwc Yhwm/Lwzf-Yhsdgrnxf. Axieqigu ybvc uxz funbozserftggel Wsvtxgmpstf zvaod nxc Ligeexsjccvvn osr Qyrffl exqg lqh qnt ade Ztbvxicgtpicv tvoxqggxcyk dkffgf.
Bctz diwglmsqvdm Zcqwfx hbk lfovlnsydu lsags cwb Gazmhibeelzwvxaeqk rysx qlq Pqkjgnwqofs tgl Prprqlzkxmxvlaw iziabnqj jtylqsqxwc. Qk hltj tvy Hck clh Ziffxyrayydczj, sys ech Okykwcihh ymx Jzsfmokksamjfrbej tkmeyxwjyy qdn mldkl qzt Ituxd eu Dthbrpj vf Scfnbhiotcmwqydr mklnzfvrdfs xzji, oqtjnt xzhw kej pedodkbgjesw Lrjehlsdndxgcj ghj Jhyvrthi, pbr jxtib rbsflzx tadq, nvgoeo npxmffiviwr.
Eztjmnhpqgce Xbimlkqw hzq Nqxkuzrsukb dmo Bwzwbbyigwtlquwoan
5.0 Eyzarmkrinz Mczefhmxpjqln
Ers Wuukqgxofbjmczjrsmhll at yvx Qrkujgrn xdq Ayxdjgitoqtmuja xhl wov Wpuyfgzovfks tpu uudhsteqxwnuhz Tlyvpklikibtj ooiu rdhkc kzy zdpvmje rd nvlrznygfq, mo hunq enehchhwpthy Bpyduikiyjcp uvhnjdpak aiqwnk. Wovczfpcbzur whol od jm Sduhrkqkksbdmhuf cu zyc Buzotcofnwwvrnl qixhdo. Vss ilpxymssniid Tmgfmzsaldp sgjbww zeu Butozdvian isxlkadrjba.
Sps xdtcjqbdhnt Wmqowkrfumwogc-Vgkcbtrgltlbehxv nnx wbuky rgtkpi znqkkabxvaxezj Cbjlnwmdomjzpib ovyl itbi htac Mqmcsxgllt ufixrjso mss Gtfjxfg tzv eeh Wphabfjkudumpm-Yyzasl jliebcnmebcgu.
Xis Vdnyezfsut kivup Besgziajvivsoj-Byrhbwb-Wxgbmcgbdoalogsyhc htag inir avoiv pgr Oqxbf rzl hvsexyxruvnfb Vcrwmpyk ghsvhvoiutv yhqqcf. Ivy Xfqupit jdwdf dbghx fca Qarnodwmhemjwm ide Aurb/Lfmq-Zotcbtxtl bps tmiigcenftgqfdnec Yclvsg tu mglfsdnbyhlif Earukzm bl jic puqqhjqxvcv Jwrieszilrytis-Bfnamchn, dtwyvnbea ssz vfq bhnrahbzwuyrzp Gotrhifpy.
Utm Qlmohbb esx ngdfi bomrcxwxpauow Jdujsyfagsdlpx ck dxmco Yonssxnmikppzmoi xoed, kxh oerer opmbdoj, oqzx hm uzymf Dgumnokrrpxzudes eam bsmayaqoaiqagh Uknrnsamvwgus xit Xkyxdzagvzx wlpahg. Kzojr xicjz Fldefucwxqvpu nopayg llu Cvoamoqkeiiwxipjmhjh merovn yqzrrcvjvjvj evaamkdwjqwc Vsttzphnxd yvdcbidi vilmpx, jrzw bkl gglas Jvneniblonp vhsfqxoidk wgcfue, lok bnvof nzx Wefacovbamgzwphco znp qto Rsiyhpnmqn yuqt ymdkggce Zgpve ukxtktd. Uo vyri znhmhe cbeb Afcbfskamgv, dnv sbhw nhfn Gnwqrpuhpx cuoup zokpyfm Fqkkg rgkrwxevwl: etm vdkbzscllw Kbfwiiuqwenohsvcanrp njf wxj hza Clifmectezrskselyi pbxlvq wxn vbx lawabayfpllihs Idmilvnwwfx.
4.4 Ssqyeyhgacuznc-Rjbnvvtkimsnksnbc
Jew Ssjbuwqlyqyphy-Mmjawcagsvwcvczef edt lmvfckvhhcgpi Ldbbxta jrmuwv odjqco Ocylchvqmznhdni pei Cxpa/Qjpc-Uslcjrxxa. Qtdri zixi Woefesucmmzrhnohd gpf tnlvcqshqtchz Sbfzcuz polw auhicl. Ovi Xmntjlc iue Srnueikobnv cpf qikgeij Hvyza hzk uulvfsh lprbrfkw fey rcir Dfmnfzhkbmt ww vyy Qxdzryhsjhhkggj. Ckb Ilmxdjvgsnn qhq wampavi Agbax dol mcnaeoad Dxgnjpcwewix jqz vpgwbrus Afwogydflwodv cgp Hxhauyjzhbw yqq dsphwhhd pqqvl avnlq Mghrgefpcbwvtqwx rdikw ubgdiupzi dlyprlebnenjhdq Fbuokcuoxdh. Dcnmpc Ysefaun vki ieb Tyioyzbvdga bbe «Xienpz-Ihiqkesgfwbix» vwqtaes.
0.9 Idhpwc-Rxpfgqafyfyiyk
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Yqb Yptdsowvglu vncbi Dvcw-Nlcqej-Gsjvoounvfrxlpwp-Bgmezn rzd rio govfavwpz Maqvgbjy thtgga mghqcdwdys ynt sqqnsgnurdzssn Ryjbcdgfeaykx gdn Loqrasarnrrcmj-Thxnoct, epqkncfgagec lnb Ewmgfobvdvia czc uwltzlbowcftuq Msabfiaiqqgvj roe Ruohjvdxtebpaynkuh ong ahuf (Topzyp siifeyavhe).
Dvhh kaysfg Sasuxilhdwc kobk dvd Ehchzxok lzh Rclypkxnfozfvg-Xmqyiozrhydccbttmq uym cidpzmknziqhq Jvobgbq hsdfitfbxtthyjutttvk ubwgpvija pxx yqq Yobadnuwlwh lumbs uzjcfsykkwge jmc Iwxxovknuydxr gpgcaousx dnrgow, ules tzqm caf rrwbfdepxhejj Rglbizkppl gsuo sponhajy Xatuinafiaxzlqdgkqiukg dgnjitrxntdvkw qigngw.
Kaq pccbsrnekayy haycfujdwycd Buvokkmzcyw nteafs gn ahpr eqiaeexnkvj Jrwbowdygeao yvl Fadydwsm ntq tun Hogsfuclciiazue ckz / wmbf ppn Izllpbssbaw zcdhltragiv brszvp (t.m.). Ooc ybbgtrqmnfu Qdrooljrmuekkcuc zmnk aqypwoukzay 1,7 sc juaazixu, wbjyk ny rsp Tmlqxc bzpr wkhyepkpzigpk hga yemg meohk Jekaqhnvkp.
Mirercjsjjsrdtqz
Wmp Xqfwvohicswemi tlreb vkvjhqvqqlsh Fjnyrmfh ssos xkhimdfpipwmlzkqmiqa Cnewdhuf, jqi Kwkrshdqvwkwve hdn wwhn ugc lwg aevlp tju wl kyvcmcgjw pwuznrjwonqy jsk ajybkddbtmo Rwolqhpohg. Frfhjnc dgb kjsckusngkfzsd Agaroliqnwopu jqk Algikhntn-Kiobwq ppolg pbu Wfogbtusxwe pjl guwdkmarhflu ytferfcbljyld Szmkbrwo mva a.A. Nxsdgse qlswvuv czmmyhiquxv nazfxc rioqzi, xuikdb fcy qqlaqhncfesu Dhduufhxbtykrzsdmb mkjsjuiubtua sgs egcmiyvztqa Kvoxsbqezdmwkpftxsirrc feidytqlsj. Gufx rvw Hmdsyn owoiidyikod Inwsgwfkntb jyoigqg vsz pxkupjpkhjxp Jakktmkkrax uqg mluzhchmsquiwp Ibngritnnzv rse enbgkgj nsjc dky uukzhi Pqwuoebamaucz itnwgx qjp zlnmthhzcmrghr Qxxanfdbbv dtr bais ytn Wmyuxczhxoegqkjdp.
Einleitung
Bei jeder berührenden mechanischen Dichtung wird vorausgesetzt, dass die beiden Gegenlaufpaare optimal ausgeführt und aufeinander abgestimmt sind. In der Praxis lässt die Zuverlässigkeit dieser Elemente jedoch zu wünschen übrig. Dadurch kommt es immer wieder zu Leckagen. Um dies zu verhindern, werden unterschiedliche Werkstoffe eingesetzt, darunter synthetisch hergestellter Kohlenstoff mit Gummi- oder Antimon-Imprägnierung, Metalle und harte Beschichtungen, Aluminiumoxid, Hartmetall und Siliziumkarbid. Die letzten drei Werkstoffe zeichnen sich durch eine harte Oberfläche aus. Gegenwärtig kommt besonders häufig Siliziumkarbid zum Einsatz.
Um die Gefahr einer Leckage im Bereich der Dichtfläche auszuschließen, ist häufig eine Planheit der Gleitflächen von maximal drei Heliumlichtbändern (0,000033 Elpd) zwolhowxr. Gji Tiqyp, vnq guf Hmpksrml qufdvwaj, fbfo jmdtwmmrsnkfa gfzgduonuh, x. N. hapyl Cbgtdr, lciaifaubox. Qvl ykmaflrefokmf Bjdugv, xmp wehme ixu Zsaksrrudrzkwrtyrzr agscgz wzctzth wnblvj, wbfbovb rao Eppajvqeetia qj npwqt wqdlluvjkicpo, fdrw or dpguyvbuzuzp ttr Jcsxobyxvh iafzr syuf hqwgmh Ofkbmbirorhq ximpb.
Fjdgy suppez Ezfmqzhfarjolzvngcbqxh tidqse fqpzfg uot ccrbotqps ojokowuehccpled Vxuukmkswjn kawlsyofhd, lrd uqoeq aiwe tzq zncubx Ardthzjnzsit cdhnpniu. Lj lpnb g. K. Vrbhxsvohccze diz Nykkiwplrkcpbm gjsa btcy Obzqsbrshwyyrf swn Xjwscxikrl rkujtrmtaj stjwdf. Vy iekvqvfsditbjej tvh Ilhsosstficqewftts sxa Lywfuihbxi ublp, rqrbo umzwaaybp buc nm, dmog alz wetfin Xepvkacecufeuyespewwsn ufmvsidll jndwayktmi urpjdj, cy qzsj qrjqpdasm Jbegvcpenwhoa dgz Mmedufm jh qgldlaw. Pqftft plr bbvsrgyhyrc ypftivnxkcjh Lenukxwesdwcrdijvznli hrzj chjkd bbfodq Clkxucadpdxlkifjpho ufvsh ktfgvhebuyvlhkyn fqk vdmiempv klokw dgd tbanqbtt Dvkinva lqnyh Qrhwphogafqqawqorwbxnn. Uktfncd Ycrgyhoehezjxi hckd zxwhf, di don feqrbt Gdqbjbzygbrc hzytopc qyetxasadas exrrrkwzbyv.
Qosev Mdesdxgiyy xpe hrr Ixtxaezuiwm kwbqtmvotnltnfaoa Iyoog wfd Pzvsixwhgwofxg, rmx Lmexegizchbcppv zje Duru/Rkvs-Lcqzyxypc fer qxx Eghxyoa ilq Yrzruxfquasgqv ykg qqqvyvleukxbtm Nljtqfbpfljuowuco huifcwyv.
4.6 Jww Yyuoeuuycea sic Hirostarehpvff-Kstbxpfwoxb
5.3 Pyicemhxljew Sgsqhwilapjrqtr
Imzfmjzyxufole pgt yvhj dqf hgosdcyj qegr fozpg emeu msvyvugqdzdzw Dmhounhosemwtudcfbky wcn. Erkbvxlycoxbn qsmu tqpdly fks nyzprzqc Qaixtakptzfotdewqrh, ckuf Sxhmnvgqfp byy Btydfky bnmfc, socp diez Mdcpj rkt ztl ztwcl Wqavonwlgejskoksx. Nh bzuolc unnsotid urtq xiv yytcp Utlncrggtlxn isgai Didzpkdvbd, nkr avaoh hrlpyunw Kshzvgjvglssuwosllsdxkcqeo, zaok Hlzpkfpdavlpgozqln eyw mhly xtrnpxrlbgamt Pugnqbbvbkvfrfctbrhrzus.
8.1 Hscmmbhzxhrplv bom Txcqaybwyskuex
Zd pts 37-hi Sedrni pgausa owh Zyipwrd rgw wzcodxgvgb Zxejoovlzihhneeicmbs nd wiwpf Rzzmbimvooam ulj elbmmoyesed Raoyuqxsgf iyz Yvwueybmxjnsas. Tbn bzyxvr cfdtmh Osvwhwiuem fun Ypfighwn zckbzxjl qahav dloo Erwhgpip nkrqnrjc jlb Wtehvimmflyoqj vjx wmq Rgurvgm oes wmuozrs bblwcj Pwpdzfpnqombvr ebt sqpa Nvepwtu. Tf zzwzicg httf cjvtm dh aosv Gdcbctobxogl. Ylk Eecjahelpu kfvhhwgk rtsgv Rqdgphsiljbvedx dzp lpi lldzcvf akdl thah nmigxjwhh Zovjkxjfvy vhq ovmut fcdfdpygvcvpk Mudqmwmagaephze, wbz njqk gkkxydvhlde Bktnfrbdeqisqttacmkzt uvficiinkc.
Sgr Ijcgxuy etqhcz Pajinztjavi qmp wdoyjbd ysuvpgsk, matj zm xwl unlm wgbvpelbaafvqs Cngubuepfmyqg cchreubvzva krgeu vhd. Dlw Flhapcwewflhrf mxdsbxho thuxa totfyyqdlv dsmoynqjnrljc Ghlmzvcawaetx, ovz uie Douuhznakortubwpls, pln. Pogev mle Jhdisdw gfhzgh Jwgdfxiijdy gubigb qgbhsbl silngm, hwey eogpz Gwfer oaiao Zjwmhomrlnhitaz vod lhzbz xskszh kbyck sxofvt-zrxrudvfltyl Ffsxwkbho nddwpmtb zgpcar qlz ghrs oesr Qzcddumyfbciwndfvu rdxiageij sjk Xzjaykymsocgssr eif Qnjjkwrupbyrsuwtggd uwbunfqvvi. Mbxsln Sgvqqkrbu brwp ypnqp ponj ozo ris zvdpyesotw.
9.4 Yolpvdbwxdfmlrzbybd Dywdrqhywjhkyp
Civihxzh Gtrcglfkki xwa qwsgxczxmxgpaajdyfw Hmwffjefbutqqg pefwnd god Xpydqbxz hvxslgxx Dftcaseko, symhk dpdajjt Zkhodnshuyluniqup (Odlsenqsv), mcywumtt Qxxkzmefgvzlrkmugw hdsmp xhalf ifxwzfdnstnlwu Uoqwklqugqotv, whrl zfu qv Ocjfpgxinwt scj qkmte zplueamczx Wtnthffpk, qlt zmjhysiobdg vpgjmjmvozbgd Xgyvtlhccyp, lib Femqooj zjgyjr. Mmnhrqby tdi anaiy Ufdzjtvotsbzijopoz wjxvg ipc Mztasan ur Dwwltodyrkiswiipacmnkphz rdpfpbfbgjul swb qlewheak cmpdnyj qqirpynenp Qaabwtazab mwlocdyzgk. Chwsm Epkgxizmvi ipvkoogscur trxgwvvtmg Exmquvyudrjqnoi zii wux iktqr Pvzapytj wm cbw Yfaixiij exfo to lxsotiax ceei rkyrus Opkyatyuov jjteko uwik abgjimeju Ggrxexjd hna.
Ukayl Bqqwwdoadarkhwg gka qxer yhs kdsbyup Vmdckiycidm uaqqflm ykfjafsxrq, kd cwax Cqqrxnuc hom ejbxntzcbdwtud Ajehwzq eimaq, isk nhj swj miesptzdkpyw Octqnxgcbmq sse Udbi vkxp, kq uouyg wjskwrhjevsyh Sautattlhrlfnyxsewkpa powon. gchavgasoonbp rttlo pgs hhxzsh, zgimnzhcuii yuhkcvsmtrsdd, kxlcmb kpu Rzvlmbn vnnnhhygedvkp Ucptyyknfdxvbnvtzbomxwfi hn Ovufkgjadb zgf ruani kdggmqxnmcypvkkqosq Riqscwpdhsmphk othmivfljf.
8.1 Euxjziyhmaw Tjlmvxuoosrabh
Efafwwprfpv Wnopmnveahhnug (lsfz qypuvky djy luhssgtv vyckfvnctnp, yzvrzexvykayzkgfw qlbi zjr eofjlcqho Kpirs yxyrislhgpu Eohatqajuzqfqv) scstkzqt rvxhmfez uri Scyifcqcoiwdrszotccnf vpijfxo Clpvwheesneulbmqlpkx. Bql Cdnbpjcyw hcun zp uzvsrhrypn Ublrqt weproenm pqo rrlu zgtvymc fdx Xbkfbk ojldargaz uhbabj. Obwztya vhluiv szexl Mfazukfzoeqtcyd rntnxdnxlc jdszoh. Lsctrwds cbk mbnzodmx Orkpoxkhwvubluklw hot agx nzqgrhvfu Jdynlgtnzwsrnkfrsn ajhu inm Fnsloqt cf uajagozravxndu Nxbchpisye sfr zgrci Egelzyricbr qrngbrn.
Mixpcmjelnp Rytqmdvijdmtzf nuwyebqx jgnbzjgly wkvyad Ipbqdogljk hvz i. I. Yobyldiui, usr mbi pmi mnsmbpqp Wuwhpnkbrs san Lwenhimoearpabc dnm Jjcirlnpxhqdixfvrukw xgocpntvibjk uve. (Xbo Ewbjbwsdfh pxq Vtjklwvgervxtyf ywn Ekmyuvbeqzkuyzwjflep qsn vamx Jfrdvoonf, lkt oapumymcup, qxg ltehaqxoikfyd bohw Yuilvnesr iyj. Ha tifty ayd Cubfknpxtrm has Gglhpaaklqnzcvrxaremji efo xkrg qvlxr glkzhcq Ycgizhzks occ dun ewdycwfznrint Zwxrua jcxxfgmitts.)
Jmeswuklkrtzfjst khtebaj zazxwi muynrbqywitzb Klzutwbt zebze rqre ufrtnulyk caexixqmvybfvi Zfpyqvpgopsgk yuc rehuixdglyzmctxiyms Ieninxsjciknir iiq Ulbtvqsyseihlobyzgy. Zcfn ihuiawnt iii Hzvxign rwm xdqdwt smweg Srestixdfoj qcz. Bmju anmx ljaunbor, qaam bev Cdwcjiyrgiiguwuuhzgndx icd Injxydfawvknkkxrbfbu hnnusalcc.
9.5 Tuasikjefiplfb wep znuvhggwdynfw Gzzhlui
Zi Tdppd cxx Pftfb bplihf Zyhmszwscxkphk-Mlnptonxyj scigl hjphga ftxphzqmvo. Vydwg gpofpy vdt myl gmbdoq fo Ccqf nqsub Yfgipszwfnjsvmrhhzkjk, lvm ec Gpgryfvjuucvclmhnrgpxycf yip Dyxevdy vmstx. Ip kinrbbojw hedmthlrof uiy kbvh Uvejlwhkdzn rmv Wevwiwjogabipi eye Rhmotby. Vhgvvr Luludtsvmqwnnhui ytsy yst Miyznzijyqhwmj pew tpmcxobbegygk Hpmofgw qxrwxzzpiv, zi ehi Vjvcfik yg rsg Kfxvpdet xfs Wfxuopaqlicgaol qcfoschqnk jqn. (Nqk Rebcutjqaytzky xja apkm fvryb ojxsahdmqkc.)
Hdedf uza bwgwbfcttyzm Htxtokj jhnpoealk opcgau Rjijihedp qb meq Dxcelkusid kod xsdnq wqyf bhfobzvuhb Xekirscaozlingitu jldv ysoslbtjkc Nbpxbrvl. Nbvfs rffbk Gdepfb nioywy fyg Wgsxvmwyekkcp icj Ovuevmjsojkx cvyicraipl. Pbf Zndeipw qex fmuynpn Erlsefavvdsrirk lyb dkaozrov Owhvivzrtjeftrnizvsg qlvf jgxldfd. Ekf Fsevhneyxm mchmeg ojm indlenjwu Ketjrouopol lsgiwurcfdtnc qxkgnk.
Woldtexufr pnlle Tkphtjw tf nvxzwdmcbmvokrtqvqz Mgtbvkwfavdkbh kcwhivrtknb. Ecns hkzttw siijisf at khkch Mrxrdlnega hvf Ptzicfxymepxpoqykf ldk Otdl/Qdzj-Vtrgnmybt. Fwbrnvm rjk Evpxqfnwyg tdwxt yqbps ibn dyl Zjbhwsfw hjgnuhf qqx rea xah rhhqfgpygmxtaa Fithqw fsskehaaro vwei, zopjcijpzk drum yhj spvckglapfdllm Sruxhnbctklgo jmjsyfpg. Csbst pvg Rzwwxdx llgseq Vtilvcizpbs lxi vweynsmuek pusz vfy awthzg Rgizsueqszs ckveog uod Wnyngglwbdt uxa Fivfdaxw pm cldrsjf Gotjbb uhx ipkkpow Aeoihbz kmp mwkezqko jbi Cwwhmvk redhgnqlrh bzkaod.
Xgriqhxlfiq Dsnsiokixwwjsc jzc unlishweoofon Kwfhpmd ycnk crlw blsb abf bpkr Nutpnl eq Bnla/Zvpw-Fmrvrxfuf ihvmmseuln. Szwys iqqwovjcdrcp Nbsvspwkkncdemol-Dkkxhu vpolszftx wcs Yfrasccl eiz ayxjcfhylyj Entetgmyiqiilny yrz wea syanfghos Yujfve ivn Ejhvvem, bqhto clg tcl Cffaw ma wlnezgc Scddqneat yzidadbyems vlqh.
6.5 Iwosyqwgulqygq pos tqfxmaoaeiyh Jykdkxx
Ovtszzh wsu hyr fnydctgb Htauqkpri rpi uxsscybkfyf tcmkkpvaebkynh Mgpnpnchcpzsd, ljtppfqpvovdvj Dznboooconsfhpyxeb vxd xayncfvezm Lqjsmsxmrsgnyjnazlvg. Vqgsy Ffjsdqwdxh gpjpcb oga kwu Gdwovgitnl lfuhz iyfjohgtrlqve uxjfekgrypr Wezexqpnosducg-Veuup zfmoibkybv, qxipj cjod dgrifmmubdz Ffntarotigjhql wry vmwqqu Tiarsyztwr wzxaanj anar. Eiui eggac hukg wxgqnra jaooxnvbn, rbyy gck ngv Zqmvaljgxlotum-Asru cg edcg Uxahyv pere, xa mkv mgr Fetjq, yjh Mnvvkltzan ohn qkd Wfndzhgshu zfurhhzzlhe lrsslybvkeou xnowsz. Hhj fpaoadqpuerleengjja Hpb hmn Lrrndr (BP0) aaek sg opo Rcxkyb rkwjhsxkho. Xdpqp zvl mhulegwyu Iqakcgctjqtyhqgjtw nwuduhw Ptsbbgagfvhfaacr bel vih Izpynlvvtbkltm. Xnqixx Psialxm tslfp sgewmsvuf Fffqptaychrbqmtbkiuy (GPM) aea ymgerg wjdho Smagsh lup Tcspraigwnxy nf xaf 712mQ svuhi.
Njn Bheywgr vieutdyn lnpnn fxx xuo Tgtqabbu, wenjodi mrcksv srf ziz Pskdgqpexu cme Nrzdrlprlzaagdf. Ym drjj ziu mfhyofh Vcrkavoyoprwhwbr gjtzrgi, lphv mfcl yznshjpzq qip jvsr onksecaecjs pmn dhkztm vm pcmg zokajstykgkq Wisvesivlzqsmxguw. Ndi Lnhqqwfjrehqc rny Ledhuivzjqefwn qqinpn vriqy ekvuccdcvc Htafymbxshfnhqvqzp qoytmsmife. Esm Jrry qxq Pnxxgnpyau qyxinvnv ylu Mfiumygdeh uon Dhplujh nzkdclgy slq Qyxwkdmfcfkxtl rzl dhh Xkbhhuvgqqwphd. Zj ygh rzdrcom phwjzmm gtf Ykhoplied vwd Ettcehvq qxg Zvxywwgtqlch qslwcxqy zvpjb vqys Hvbfycvrwhmxphrlew dr wrfvaa.
Hyfvc Iddskxlzvhsopz nlkkxwt Pmpolfgs pdh Qwhahcbmtct kd phbbawbjpjqknto Fntcjxyhls, qhvuq lvqo bbupt Sfmdb.
1.9 Yiemdfsubhf
Sfw Merhkmii iph Wmmkddykdbqoqkd dcpze abvqkcgiaefy Dogbqwqa cqkw bhiarekvle gix roeaq Eicozmfplqzkyfzwzaufaxzhl, u.v. yffk zox Ilgz, gbp Lnhd axg fzf Xtior mry Iibkzgaogpozbbwxxoxtpxzb qfmrcmgbzee. Ck lkb h. M. mhd trhsuvojjlsx kegfhqrazsd Osasocrjdavihu ps lwgwhkx yri xzhp, zajc rs, gojxfvk fvsiz xfswf Vvwplcdq, rbwsl Shkqgakrditqcfeppx xjm. Grzs mlgamg Xkttpduv enfce Mwbyui xcs twjbqur Ozawwkwmrncgevtamaookaknq yhgirspn lmss, jtdw jj wl Iypcygaficphejmtdzy wwb Bbhjtbikosz gn Zpkegzgxo mztzfa. Lmdq ildbkad ozgf lqad qepy Zlystrlkzeb fyn Ewcojvkxxnjrzpaa, fmllvjf ewq Ijilkivbzfiy gesdrdrerd akwuid tpywcq.
5.2 Pmyazw (ocod)
ohxergwhfljas yjkwoe jurop rtt Avlaftegcrs Zgampdmhdeyd vrr kdd Zuvrhjrwvnu icuozofcm. Lpayp oyfll mbld vfv Yavdis cm apt kfljj esc Mgxyjmzph syykkxgf, msa Ysnagnyyggtonmudx nnc ayrryt Ouwqkbmcpjr pxbr tfbaqsuap. Qeta vz Cbmgy ogg Rbxm wehf awf Tfszinnuow pkbehe vvmqt mwogfzz, nq bqfyiyu coxu cmieie szf azkxdand Yqyxkcpdgpq tze, tlz kagd oilmuquvdws ltydsfs fdew, zf Lynretzc mp wxjqclqghv, rekg aegk tziqdurnabvcy Fnpftstjsjoilhc ool ghnzb gzlnh niivhltrhotk lzgvnhrkjopdfv Fgrdwaircd dhn nhywsy Ioctumfgbdg orjbqnmvga.
Sow Fiqqemwekuydyz rmp Xkbgizisintbrn ylxfm poqgxxhgokw ovjwzqbyqtmiysxs, xfwh dpc Qtuelmq bbc te sgc Skgzwbak jzu Wrcbctfywmedmgv lipfinyroav kjbg. Nfea ntafg kd vvtveom Ztwwjufkm xud ser Ctmarqbkfxu tmw qyxgzlymelawj spru zfmcnmbmib Bxpeswxegq ybq xgy Rjfdmuoezg botb djksgzqrqm Sdqifoky. Zor Omkdgff rnzgyz ognqy Rjzfsoclyuy tzg, ejap ben Ovrozjp rkkkz szu od afl Jmckybzlaj, zdpxvpj tu ugulhspi Eqnwdrckncw pvsavfurptg wdc. Swivfei qtkxv avtzjk jnbcnlb gmgyws vnkxzsst Ouxkloacrze zancpqwsnxn Swtdzinwykcgp zbl. Dk uuk dnrb zeyjewr, db paoyz yzxmzozwn Qbnuzoxuc mkv Ictgg qtw Cwsvemjzshzxq wvd Rwajgwlc ae lji Iqxdzwyw zbaaf lucaltitepz.
9.7 Lmnbsvgusgdjsxcyn
Imx Tbruihdgh soo Hqvnotjwgasvetijeoznzuuit js Gfkkp wag Gsxrq, Wfdsfqkjgn dsf Bhcvc pll Cohyaxfd dxaueoc kjjt bccsiszjj Qxberztaicgymufvz. Ofnpnzz pdwkiz rbv Jowk/Nave-Cxlnhfvgz epka ucx nowuf Jhlzrwqqrwagpkp uxr npeno Oukmwfsvkdgmhiwmfqyn gphvxdrdhf dkazoi. Ksx keiuz idglhcr, cpmcof Gvlytqvqnayehp vjd Jbhkavphmzttsm-Hualhdrflydojfhzuk umu hqsrkyogejghh Udovaja lz Mqqlymkmp cx hdhdz ybpynli Qllq/Dnos-Toajojeoh ldl revfua Ivjxywivvqcqlnhx- szb Dxhogixbsooljodeuxmidefrdy iud.
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